| Introduction | Methods and Materials | Data and Results | Discussion |
| Conclusion | Bibliography | Links | Photos |
Discussion
By compiling our results we can say that the insect
collections indicated very good
quality, the chemical results indicated mixed results,
and the fish collections indicated
good quality.
The FBI tests for the fall of 2000 and spring of 2001
indicated a very good to excellent
rating and only a slight change over the winter.
Spring results showed slightly higher
numbers all around. Oddly enough, site 1, which
is farthest up the watershed, had the
highest FBI levels, which were rated at very good
opposed to the other two sites rated at
excellent. However, these results changed
very slightly and there is nothing to be
concerned about. It was probably from the spring
melts sending a little extra pollution
through.
We also found that the abundance of insects was very
high in site 2 compared to
the other two sites. At site 2 there were a
large variety of substrate sizes, which, as
mentioned previously, is ideal for high insect abundance.
At site 3, we struggled to meet
our collection requirements of 100 insects.
This was to be expected though because site 3
was at the end of the stream where the substrate was
smaller.
Our nitrate tests showed low levels, which indicates
good quality. However, our
nitrate did rise to 4.3 mg/L. during big melts and
rains, but that was to be expected. These
low readings we not anticipated since the stream is
located in a farming community, and
nitrates can easily run off into the stream from fertilizers.
To measure the accuracy of our nitrate tests
we also tested standard solutions of
nitrate. Our standard had a concentration of
.86 mg/L. and our results ranged from .7
mg/L. to 1.3 mg/L. This is considered an accurate
calculation.
The phosphate tests showed high levels overall
and a jump in the winter melt. The
maximum level for streams is .1mg/L. All
of our readings were over .1 mg/L. and our
highest concentration was at .4mg/L. How accurate
are these results? We tested
phosphate standards with a concentration of .57 mg/L.
and our results ranged from 1.68
mg/L. to 1.82 mg/L. This is not very accurate;
therefore, the concentrations recorded
from the stream sites may be higher than they actually
are.
Turbidity readings were low and indicated that
the level increased with the winter
melts and spring rains. These increases were
expected though because of the additional
erosion that takes place when the water level rises.
This indicated that there is not much
erosion taking place and little organic material to
tarnish the water. However, we believe
that if phosphate levels are high, then the turbidity
may rise due to the possible increase of
plant growth. This plant growth would create
more organic material.
The D.O. results were high and fairly consistent.
The only significant drop in D.O.
levels was in the spring when the water temperature
began to warm up. D.O. levels
dropped at this time because less oxygen will diffuse
into water when it is warmer. D.O.
levels never dropped below 11mg/L. and most fish only
require 7-8 mg/L.
Our temperature readings indicated normal fluctuations.
However, due to the
failure of one hobo to read data we only received
results on one site on the stream. The
temperature leveled off at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and
slightly below on occasion although
the water never froze. We compared the water hobos
to air hobo to find that the air
temperature on many days was much colder than the
water.
In addition to our other research, we decided to collect
minnows to see what kind
of species of fish there are in Beaver Creek.
We found that chicken worked the best of all
our bait. We caught at least 7 species, Brook
Stickleback being the most common. Of all
the fish we caught 45% of them were Brook Sticklebacks.
Other common minnows that
we found were the Central Mudminnows (19%), Northern
Redbellied Dace (19%), and
the Creek Chub (10%). We also caught one trout,
although the tight squeeze. Trout are
generally a good indicator of good quality water.